阅读题题目第1篇OG-1Passage1Revivingthepracticeofusingelementsofpopularmusicinclassicalcomposition,anapproac下面是小编为大家整理的阅读题题目热门14篇,供大家参考。
阅读题题目 第1篇
OG-1
Passage 1
Reviving the practice of using elements of popular music in classical composition, an approach that had been in hibernation in the United States during the 1960s, composer Philip Glass (born 1937) embraced the ethos of popular music without imitating Glass based two symphonies on music by rock musicians David Bowie and Brian Eno, but the symphonies’ sound is distinctively Popular elements do not appear out of place in Glass’s classical music, which from its early days has shared certain harmonies and rhythms with rock Yet this use of popular elements has not made Glass a composer of popular His music is not a version of popular music packaged to attract classical listeners; it is high art for listeners steeped in rock rather than the
阅读题题目 第2篇
一、列举和并列句
列举指的是：
First, Second, Third,.。。等逐条列出。并列句是指：A ，B and C，即逐项列出。它们共同的特征是列出二点或三点以上的条目。该类型语言点常考的题型是“细节性问题”，主要有两种：
Which 题型
该题型只要求从并列的三顶中选一项作为答案，其它条目与题目无关。在这种情况下，往往题目的答案出自最后一个选项。
2 . EXCEPT 题型
该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目 4 个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。
例如：
All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT 这种题型只适合于考并列、列举句，这是因为它要求其三个选项一定是文章中出现的，也就是并列或列举之处。利用这一特点。我们在读文章的时候就可多留意，如 看到并列、列举句，可预想其有可能被考到;如发现题目中有“三缺一”题型，则应到并列、列举处找答案。
二、否定及转折句
否定句是指带有 NO 或 NOT ， NEVER 等否定词的句子，而转折句则指带有 HOWEVER ， BUT 或RATHER 等关联词引导的句子，它们可以用下面的句型说明：
A is not B ， as C ， but is D 。对于以上的句型常出“推断性问题”。
三、举例句
句中由 as 或 such as ， for example 等引导的短语或句子为举例句，常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。上面句型中的 as C 为插入的举例句。
四、数字与年代
文中的数字、年代、日期等常常是出题者注意的考题点，如 1996 年 10 月第 48 题。
五、最高级及绝对性词汇
文章中若出现 must ， all ， only ， anyone ， always ， never 等绝对性词汇或 first ， most beautiful 等最高级词汇，往往是考题要点，一般出“细节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点，那就是 概念绝对 ， 答案唯一 ，无论是出题还是做题，不会产出歧义和疑问，因此很容易出题，答案绝对正确。相反地，如果文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue 其中 some 为相对性词汇，如果我们出这样一道题：
What color hats did some people choose 那么就没有唯一正确的答案，因为有可能为 red,green 或 blue ，给评卷带来困难。
六、比较级及比喻
如果文中含有 more than 或 as as ，like ( a fly )等句型，则为比较级或比喻句结构，往往也是考题点，一般出“推断性题目”。
七、同位语及插入语
文章中带有由 that is ， ，or 等词汇引导的名词词组，放在一个名词后面，为同位语;插入语是指副词、不定式、分词、从句等结构故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修饰整个句子、表 达作者感情的语法结构。
这些用逗号隔开的持殊结构往往也是考查的重点，一般会出“细节性题目”。
八、因果句
句中若有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：
(1) 因果连词：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，consequently 等,
(2)表示因果的动词：cause ，result in ，originate from 等;
(3) 表示因果的名词：
base, basis, result,consequence 等，这些因果句都是指明某两个事件之间因果关系的，尤为出题者所青陈。因为通过出题可以考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系。此种句型一般出“推断性问题”。
九、段落句
文章各段第一句( 段首句 )和末段员后一句( 文尾句 )都是十分重要的地方，往往是文章作者表达中思想，进行总结综述的地方，因此常出。
(1)主题性问题，(2)细节性问题(3)结构性问题。
十、特殊标点
有一些特殊标点的含义也属于考查范围，它们是：
(1) 破折号，表示解释。考细节性问题;
(2) 括号，表示解释。考细节性问题;
(3) 冒号，一股同上，有时冒号也表示列举，则考“ EXCEPT ”题目;
(4) 引号。表示引用，考细节性问题：
(5) 惊叹号，表示作者感情，考态度性问题。
新托福阅读真题解析 题目：热带雨林生物多样性相关
阅读题题目 第3篇
单词
根据自己的英语基础制定出每天能够坚持的，切实可行的背单词计划。
结合托福阅读文章记忆单词是颇为有效的方法。如脱离语言环境孤立地背单词汇，就很容易把单词的意义和正确用法遗忘或者混淆。而且，枯燥的单词书和字母表容易让人疲倦和产生挫败感。在精读托福文章的同时背单词，除了单词的收获，还能深入了解文章中的各类人文常识，趣味科普知识，从而产生每天坚持阅读，坚持背单词的兴趣和动力。另外，有效记单词的另一个重要原则是：一定要反复记忆。背过的单词一定要定期复习。
语法
掌握托福语法应侧重对句子的理解，应学会从句子的主干成分-----主谓结构入手，对并列句、比较句、指代句、复合句和双重否定句有充分的把握，注意人称、语态在句子中的变化，并结合句子上下问，正确地掌握其要表达的思想。要逐渐培养将一个长句子读成一个相对短的句子、即长句短读的能力。读完一个长句后自己能总结归纳，提炼其陈述的要点。
加大阅读广度
在和托福阅读8分以上的高分学员的交流中发现，他们的托福阅读技巧便是英语的积累阅读量大。有的是考前通读过多种托福阅读资料，有的是过去读过TOEFL、GRE和GMAT的各类文章，有的是因为工作的需要每天上网快速阅读英文参考文献。所以，积累和扩大自己的英文阅读量是迈向高分的必由之路。G类考试的阅读前两部分通常是使用性强的功能性短文，如菜单、产品说明、同志、住宿安排和广告等、非常贴近西方的实际生活，但对国内绝大多数考生而言很陌生。建议争取每天阅读一定量的原版英文报刊、书籍，如Time、Reader"s Digest等。尤其注意其中的各类广告。
提高阅读速度
说起托福阅读高分策略不能忽略的一个问题便是阅读速度。托福考试的阅读部分，无论是A还是G类，都是同时测试考生的阅读速度和理解的精确度。而如何快速地阅读完长文章，留出充足的时间回答各类题型，是考生必然面临的一个难题。要想提高阅读速度首先要改掉阅读的不良习惯。针对大多数考生的通病，提出下面4点注意事项：
1、扩大眼睛扫描的宽度。要达到托福阅读的速度，请注意训练自己一眼看过，至少阅读到3~5个单词。
2、阅读过程中只使用眼睛和大脑两大器官。不要小声读出来(使用了嘴和耳朵：))，不要在心中默读(能默读说明你一眼只看到一个单词
3、遇到生单词不用紧张，学会通过上下文猜大意
4、有重点地阅读，把握文章结构和大意
有了以上基础，还要有针对性地训练和提高托福阅读所要求的各种阅读能力。按照对获得托福高分的重要性顺序，这些阅读能力依次为
把握长文章结构(Understanding framework of a passage)
快速浏览文章(Skimming)
扫描特定信息(Scanning)
理解复杂句子结构(Understanding complex structure)
通过上下问猜测句意(Understanding meaning from context)
形成概念(Forming a mental image)
在准备考试的过程中，除了要做IELTS考题之外，还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章，在网站上可以找到，目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解，并把握其主旨。同时，在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大，平时可多加练习。另外，为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯，不能边看边用嘴跟着读，眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到)，先不要紧张，要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义，或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测，如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的，还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了，实在不行就做上记号，将来看一看是否影响答题，如无影响就坚决忽略。
阅读题题目 第4篇
Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break (A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s )
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests?
They become less stable as they
They support many species when they reach
They are found in temperate
They have reduced diversity during mid-successional
托福阅读推断题练习题答案：3
阅读题题目 第5篇
热带雨林生物多样性
20XX年4月23日托福阅读内容回顾：
讲热带雨林生物多样性的，就说这里为什么会有这么多样的植物，因为经历过物种隔离所以这些植物就各长各的，而且这里不存在某一个物种的dominant或是 suppress其他物种，因为有一些吃幼苗的虫子会把离它们最近的同一类植物的幼苗吃掉，所以没有出现某类植物数量明显多于其他类的现象，再有就是因为植物多啊之类的原因所以生物也多。
热带雨林生物多样性原因，经历过物种隔离，不存在某一个物种占主导或者压制另一个物种的生长;又一些吃幼苗的虫子会把理它们最近的同一类植物的幼苗吃掉，没有出现植物数量明显多于其他种类的情况。雨林中植物种类本身也多。
参考练习：
官方真题Official 03：The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems
官方真题Official 17：Animal Signals In The Rain Forest
官方真题Official 19：Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems
官方真题Official 26：Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions
阅读题题目 第6篇
金三角一：对于词汇量的要求较为严格
从某种意义上来讲，你积累的英语词汇量的多少，影响着你在托福阅读考试中取得的成绩。如果说你具备的词汇量达不到最基本的要求，即使你的语言能力再强也过不了托福难关。
金三角二：阅读大量英语文章，增加自己的知识面
当一个人知道的东西多了后，在面临问题时，就会显得更有自信，解决问题也会有自己的路子。这样方式在托福阅读考试能力训练中也同样适用，建议考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面，对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后。
金三角三：注意解题要领，无需阅读全篇文章
考生在解答托福阅读试题时往往会存在一定的误区，认为想要解答试题必须要阅读整片文章。提醒各位，这种理念是错误的。阅读文章的做种目的还不就是为了解答试题?只要能够准确的解答试题，不完全阅读文章页是可以的，有没有人会问你，全篇文章的详细内容，所以说，阅读时要秉着做题去阅读，而不是为了阅读而去阅读。
阅读题题目 第7篇
托福阅读题目考试日期：
20XX年10月21日
新托福阅读题目
Plant and Animal Life of the Pacific Islands
太平洋物种多样性。有关太平洋群岛上的物种, 给了一幅图影响群岛上的物种的因素有land size、经度(越东越isolated species越少)、纬度(纬度高的不易有tropical plants)、wind，wind独立一段讨论。之后又说一些islands虽然isolated，但是形成了周游本岛才能生存的物种。举了一个例子是新西兰。后来讲了这些物种的几个特点，有题问哪个特点是没有提到。
阅读题题目 第8篇
托福阅读文本：
Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth"s In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat In most situations, the result is Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its
Certainly, there have been periods in Earth"s history when mass extinctions have The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme Only .01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died
However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt — time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new
托福阅读题目：
What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week
(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week
(C)A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industries
(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution
Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth
century
(A) remained constant
(B) decreased slightly
(C) decreased significantly
(D) increased significantly
The word "norm" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A)
(B) example
(C) possibility
(D) standard
The word "henceforth" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) in the end
(B) for a brief period
(C) from that time on
(D) on occasion
The "idea" mentioned in line 15 refers to
(A) the 60-hour workweek
(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles
(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories
(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse
What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the
United States during the 1930"s?
(A) Several people sometimes shared a single
(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United
(C) Several corporations increased the length of the
(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour
Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938 ?
(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages
(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek
(C) to allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workers
(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek
The word "mandated" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) required
(B) recommended
(C) eliminated
(D) considered
The word "immutable" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) unmatched
(B) irregular
(C) unnecessary
(D) unchangeable
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has
been declining since the nineteenth century?
(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)
(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)
(C) United States Steel and Westinghouse (line 14-15)
(D) German metalworkers (line 21)
According to the passage , one goal of the Japanese government is to reduce the average
annual amount of work to
(A) 1,646 hours
(B) 1,800 hours
(C) 1,957 hours
(D) 2,088 hours
托福阅读答案：
CBBCD CDAD
阅读题题目 第9篇
The passage addresses which of the following issues related to Glass’s use of popular elements in his classical compositions?
How it is regarded by listeners who prefer rock to the classics
How it has affected the commercial success of Class’s music
Whether it has contributed to a revival of interest among other composers in using popular elements in their compositions
Whether it has had a detrimental effect on Glass’s reputation as a composer of classical music
Whether it has caused certain of Glass’s works to be derivative in quality
The passage suggests that Glass’s work displays which of the following qualities?
A return to the use of popular music in classical compositions
An attempt to elevate rock music to an artistic status more closely approximating that of classical music
A long-standing tendency to incorporate elements from two apparently disparate musical styles
Select the sentence that distinguishes two ways of integrating rock and classical
阅读题题目 第10篇
贬抑，使卑下
轻视，贬抑
自以为高人一等，贬低(别人)
贬低，贬损
责难，贬低(价值)
贬抑，降低
贬低，贬值
贬低，诽谤
贬低者
贬抑，· 轻蔑
(贬低人的)短语或形容词
带有轻蔑意义的，· 贬低的
贬低，· 低估
低估,估计过低,看轻
轻视，· 鄙视
令人轻视的
轻视、鄙视
鄙视的
轻蔑、瞧不· 起
轻视，· 蔑视
轻视
\轻蔑,怠慢轻微的,纤细的
蔑视，· 违抗
蔑视,挑衅
嘲笑，· 鄙视
降格，· 降级
降级，· 降职
降级，· 贬谪
GRE阅读真题之OG Passage 1原文题目加答案相关
阅读题题目 第11篇
托福阅读高分方法一：快速泛读(fastextensivereading)
泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章，要求读得快，理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额，定额要结合自己的实际，可多可少，例如每天读20页。
托福阅读高分方法二：计时阅读(timedreading)
计时阅读每次进行5～10分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳，精力分散反而乏味。
托福阅读高分方法三：寻读(Scanning)
寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。
寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。
托福阅读高分方法四：略读(skimming)
略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。
阅读题题目 第12篇
阅读是与旧托福相比改变最少的，题目方向大体保持了一致。阅读在国内普遍分数都还好，但托福TOEFL的考试内容越来越BT，所以也不能小看。平时爱看书的人，积累的中文阅读能力强的，对英文阅读往往也有一定提升。
就像上面所说的，词汇掌握了，你会发现阅读变得轻松很多。阅读做题要以托福阅读真题为基础。平时不管是读书还是看新闻，都要有意识地练习scan、skip、skim的方法。具体做阅读题时，排除法很有效。
复习期间每天抽出点时间读读英文小说是很不错的选择。阅读的文章只要出现以下内容都应引起注意：举例证明、罗列式例举、转折、否定、因果、下定义、比较级(最高级)、同位语(插入语)、数字年代、特殊标点(引号、破折号)。
阅读当中遇到特别生僻或专业的术语，多少会在后面有所解释。阅读做题的时间比较紧张，比如我习惯一边看文章一边做笔记，虽然这样条理很清楚，但会让时间显得更紧张。平时要熟悉下机考的操作。比如我平常练习时大概每篇阅读能在15分钟以内完成，但具体考试时往往都是做到只剩两三秒……
阅读题题目 第13篇
What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The role of instinct in animal behavior
(B) Observations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior
(C) The use of food in studies of animal behavior
(D) Differences between the behavior of animals in their natural environments and in laboratory
Which of the following is NOT discussed as an ability animals are thought to have?
(A) Selecting among choices
(B)Anticipating events to come
(C) Remembering past experiences
(D) Communicating emotions
What is the purpose of the honeybee dance?
(A) To determine the quantity of food at a site
(B) To communicate the location of food
(C) To increase the speed of travel to food sources
(D) To identify the type of nectar that is available
The word "yet" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) however
(B) since
(C) generally
(D) so far
What did researchers discover in the study of honeybees discussed in paragraph 2?
(A) Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientists
(B) The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists
(C) The bees were able to determine in advance where scientists would place their
(D) Changing the location of food caused bees to decrease their dance
It can be inferred from the passage that brain size is assumed to
(A) be an indicator of cognitive ability
(B) vary among individuals within a species
(C) be related to food consumption
(D) correspond to levels of activity
Why are otters and mussel shells included in the discussion in paragraph 3?
(A) To provide an example of tool use among animals
(B) To prove that certain species demonstrate greater ability in tool use than other species
(C) To illustrate how otters are using objects as tools
(D) To demonstrate why mother chimpanzees show their young how to use tools
The word "rudimentary" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) superior
(B) original
(C) basic
(D) technical
It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanzees and their young (lines 20-22)
that young chimpanzees have difficulty
(A) communicating with their mothers
(B) adding quantities
(C) making choices
(D) opening hard nuts
The phrase "the one" in line 24-25 refers to the
(A) study
(B) pair
(C) chimpanzee
(D) ability
Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips that
chimpanzees
(A) lack abilities that other primates have
(B) prefer to work in pairs or groups
(C) exhibit behavior that indicates certain mathematical abilities
(D) have difficulty selecting when given choices
阅读题题目 第14篇
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?
○Summers were very warm and winters were very
○Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature
○The climate was very similar to today"s
○The climate did not change dramatically from season to
Paragraph 2: At the end of the Cretaceous, the geological record shows that these seaways retreated from the continents back into the major ocean No one knows Over a period of about 100,000 years, while the seas pulled back, climates around the world became dramatically more extreme: warmer days, cooler nights; hotter summers, colder Perhaps dinosaurs could not tolerate these extreme temperature changes and became
Which of the following reasons is suggested in paragraph 2 for the extinction of the dinosaurs?
○Changes in the lengths of the days and nights during the late Cretaceous period
○Droughts caused by the movement of seaways back into the oceans
○The change from mild to severe climates during the Late Cretaceous period
○An extreme decrease in the average yearly temperature over 10,ooo years
Paragraph 3: If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body It"s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the
Why does the author mention the survival of "snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles" in paragraph 3?
○To argue that dinosaurs may have become extinct because they were not cold-blooded animals
○To question the adequacy of the hypothesis that climatic change related to sea levels caused the extinction of the dinosaurs
○To present examples of animals that could maintain a livable body temperature more easily than dinosaurs
○To support a hypothesis that these animals were not as sensitive to climate changes in the Cretaceous period as they are today
The word "cope" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ adapt
○ move
○ continue
○ compete
According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of changes in climate before the Cretaceous period and the effect of these changes on dinosaurs?
○Climate changes associated with the movement of seaways before the Cretaceous period did not cause dinosaurs to become
○Changes in climate before the Cretaceous period caused severe fluctuations in sea level, resulting in the extinction of the
○Frequent changes in climate before the Cretaceous period made dinosaurs better able to maintain a livable body
○Before the Cretaceous period there were few changes in climate, and dinosaurs
word "fluctuations" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ extremes
○ retreats
○ periods
○ variations
Paragraph 4: Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (lr) it
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
○The fossil record suggests that there was an abrupt extinction of many plants and animals at the end of the Mesozoic
○Few fossils of the Mesozoic era have survived in the rocks that mark the end of the
○Fossils from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic up to the beginning of the Cenozoic era have been removed from the layers of rock that surrounded
○Plants and animals from the Mesozoic era were unable to survive in the Cenozoic
Paragraph 4: Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) it
In paragraph 4, all the following questions are answered EXCEPT:
○Why is there a layer of clay between the rocks of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic?
○Why were scientists interested in determining how long it took to deposit the layer of clay at the end of the Cretaceous?
○What was the effect of the surprising observation scientists made?
○Why did scientists want more information about the dinosaur extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous?
Paragraph 5: Ir has not been common at Earth"s since the very beginning of the planet"s Because it usually exists in a metallic state, it was preferentially incorporated in Earth"s core as the planet cooled and Ir is found in high concentrations in some meteorites, in which the solar system"s original chemical composition is Even today, microscopic meteorites continually bombard Earth, falling on both land and By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observed amount of Ir in the boundary These calculations suggest that a period of about one million years would have been However, other reliable evidence suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not have taken one million So the unusually high concentration of Ir seems to require a special
The word "bombard" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ approach
○ strike
○ pass
○ circle
Paragraph 5 implies that a special explanation of Ir in the boundary clay is needed because
○the Ir in microscopic meteorites reaching Earth during the Cretaceous period would have been incorporated into Earth"s core
○the Ir in the boundary clay was deposited much more than a million years ago
○the concentration of Ir in the boundary clay is higher than in microscopic meteorites
○the amount of Ir in the boundary clay is too great to have come from microscopic meteorites during the time the boundary clay was deposited
Paragraph 6: In view of these facts, scientists hypothesized that a single large asteroid, about 10 to 15 kilometers across, collided with Earth, and the resulting fallout created the boundary Their calculations show that the impact kicked up a dust cloud that cut off sunlight for several months, inhibiting photosynthesis in plants; decreased surface temperatures on continents to below freezing; caused extreme episodes of acid rain; and significantly raised long-term global temperatures through the greenhouse This disruption of food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty
The word "disruption" in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ exhaustion
○ disturbance
○ modification
○ disappearance
Paragraph 6 mentions all of the following effects of the hypothesized asteroid collision EXCEPT
○ a large dust cloud that blocked sunlight
○ an immediate drop in the surface temperatures of the continents
○ an extreme decrease in rainfall on the continents
○ a long-term increase in global temperatures
Paragraph 5: Ir has not been common at Earth"s since the very beginning of the planet"s Because it usually exists in a metallic state, it was preferentially incorporated in Earth"s core as the planet cooled and Ir is found in high concentrations in some meteorites, in which the solar system"s original chemical composition is Even today, microscopic meteorites continually bombard Earth, falling on both land and By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observed amount of Ir in the boundary ■ These calculations suggest that a period of about one million years would have been ■However, other reliable evidence suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not have taken one million ■So the unusually high concentration of Ir seems to require a special ■
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
Consequently, the idea that the Ir in the boundary clay came from microscopic meteorites cannot be
Where would the sentence best fit?
Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the This question is worth 2
For a long time scientists have argued that the extinction of the dinosaurs was related to climate
●
●
●
Answer choices
○A simple climate change does not explain some important data related to the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the
○The retreat of the seaways at the end of the Cretaceous has not been fully
○The abruptness of extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous and the high concentration of Ir found in clay deposited at that time have fueled the development of a new
○Extreme changes in daily and seasonal climates preceded the retreat of the seas back into the major ocean
○Some scientists hypothesize that the extinction of the dinosaurs resulted from the effects of an asteroid collision with
○Boundary clay layers like the one between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are used by scientists to determine the rate at which an extinct species declined
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